Survival effects of time to surgery for Stage I lung cancer: A population-based study

ObjectivesTo examine the impact of time to surgery (TTS) on survival among patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsAll patients in the Canadian province of Ontario with stage I NSCLC from 2007 to 2017 were included. A logistic regression identified the predictors of TTS and a flexible parametric model estimated survival rates based on TTS.ResultsOver the study period, 6428 patients with stage I NSCLC undergoing surgical resection were identified, of which 62.5% had TTS >28 days. Less than half these patients (40.8%) underwent open resection, with 19.3% undergoing open sublobar and 21.5% undergoing open lobectomy. Adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma tumors accounted for 33.3% and 22.0% of cases, respectively. The majority (85.6%) of patients lived in urban areas within 50 km of a regional cancer center (76.9%). Variables that predicted TTS >28 days include age and extent of resection. After adjustment for VATS vs. open resection, age, sex, frailty, year of diagnosis, histology of tumor, and extent of resection, the hazard ratio for TTS >28 days was 1.26 (95%CI:1.13–1.40), indicating a 26% increased risk of all-cause mortality (p < 0.0001). The highest 5-year survival was observed for patients with stage I disease undergoing resection within 28 days.ConclusionsThe present study found age and extent of resection to be associated with increased TTS. Importantly, patients with TTS >28 days had reduced long-term survival.     

输卵管疾病的生育力保护

输卵管因素不孕症占不孕人群的30%～35%。随着腹腔镜技术及微创手术原则的应用，生殖相关输卵管性疾病的微创手术治疗受到关注。手术治疗输卵管性不孕在评估输卵管功能，保留生育功能，改善患者自然妊娠或辅助生殖技术助孕的结局方面具有重要作用。文章主要对有生育要求的输卵管病变患者，腹腔镜手术保留及恢复生育功能的处理及临床结局进行阐述。     

Impact of age within younger populations on outcomes following cervical surgery in the ambulatory setting

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of age within the younger population seen at ambulatory surgical centers on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) after cervical spine surgery.MethodsPatients of age <65 years undergoing single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) or cervical disc replacement (CDR) were included. Patients were divided by mean age of initial population (46 years). PROMs included Patient-reported Outcome Measurement Information System Physical Function (PROMIS-PF), 12-Item Short-Form Physical Component Survey (SF-12 PCS), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) neck, VAS arm, Neck Disability Index (NDI) collected preoperatively and at postoperative time points up to 2 years.Results138 patients were included, with 66 patients <46 years. Both cohorts demonstrated improvement from preoperative baseline with regard to all studied PROMs at multiple time points postoperatively (p ≤ 0.042, all). Between groups, the older cohort demonstrated greater mean PROMIS-PF scores preoperatively and at 6 weeks (p ≤ 0.011, both), while VAS arm scores were lower in the older group at 1 year (p = 0.002), and NDI scores were lower in the older group at 6 weeks and 1 year (p < 0.027, both). Minimal Clinically Important Difference (MCID) achievement rates were greater in the younger group in PROMIS PF at 2 years (p = 0.002), and in the older group in VAS arm score at 1 year (p = 0.007).ConclusionBoth cohorts showed significant improvement at multiple postoperative time points for all PROMs. Between groups, the older group reported more favorable physical function, VAS arm, and NDI scores at several time points. However, MCID achievement rates only significantly differed in two PROMs at singular time points. Difference in age in patients <65 years likely does not significantly affect long-term outcomes after cervical spine surgery.     

Percutaneous transcatheter super-selective renal arterial embolization with N-butyl cyanoacrylate for iatrogenic renal hemorrhage

BackgroundTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous transcatheter super-selective renal arterial embolization (SRAE) with N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) for iatrogenic renal hemorrhage.MethodsBetween January 2014 and December 2019, 45 patients (including 18 patients with coagulopathy), who underwent percutaneous transcatheter SRAE with NBCA for iatrogenic renal hemorrhage at our institution, were retrospectively reviewed. The technical success rate, clinical success rate, and embolization-related complications were analyzed. The values of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), serum creatinine (sCr), and serum urea (sUr) were analyzed at the time of pre-SRAE, post-SRAE, and last follow-up to evaluate the effects of NBCA-based SRAE on renal function.ResultsDiagnostic renal arteriography revealed contrast extravasation in 18 patients and pseudoaneurysms in 27 patients. NBCA mixed with iodized oil in a 1:2–1:4 ratio was the sole embolic agent. No procedure-related mortality or major complications occurred. The technical and clinical success rates were both 100%. The values of eGFR, sCr and sUr were not found to be significantly different between pre-SRAE, post-SRAE and last follow-up (eGFR: 91.52 ?± ?21.17 vs. 90.98 ?± ?22.11 vs. 92.14 ?± ?23.51 ?mL/min/1.73 ?m², p ?= ?0.729; sCr: 74.73 ?± ?11.08 vs. 75.27 ?± ?12.43 vs. 73.95 ?± ?10.14 ?μmol/L, p ?= ?0.543; sUr: 5.69 ?± ?0.84 vs. 5.71 ?± ?0.96 vs. 5.70 ?± ?0.79, p ?= ?0.515, respectively).ConclusionsPercutaneous transcatheter SRAE with NBCA is a safe and effective treatment modality for iatrogenic renal hemorrhage with no deterioration of renal function.     

C反应蛋白和白蛋白比值预测单发小肝癌患者微血管侵犯的价值研究

背景 既往对肝癌微血管侵犯病理诊断的重要性重视不够，目前国内外缺乏对微血管侵犯统一的病理诊断标准，也未将微血管侵犯列为病理常规诊断指标。C反应蛋白/白蛋白比值（CAR）作为新型系统性炎性因子，与肝癌的增殖、侵袭转移等恶性生物学行为密切相关。 目的 探讨CAR预测单发小肝癌患者微血管侵犯的价值。 方法 选择2017年6月至2021年6月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院行肝切除术的单个、肿瘤直径≤5 cm的术后病理检查证实为肝癌的患者346例为研究对象。收集患者一般资料，并计算CAR。绘制CAR预测单发小肝癌患者微血管侵犯的受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线，并计算CAR的最佳诊断截点，根据CAR最佳诊断截点将患者进行分组，采用1∶1最近邻居倾向性评分匹配（PSM）法将Logistic模型估计的倾向性评分相近患者进行配对，得到两组间各临床特征比较均衡性较高的样本。比较匹配后两组患者微血管侵犯率，采用Logistic回归分析评估匹配前、后CAR对单发小肝癌患者微血管侵犯的预测价值。 结果 346例患者中微血管侵犯阳性131例（37.9%），微血管侵犯阴性215例（62.1%）。ROC曲线分析结果显示，CAR预测单发小肝癌患者微血管侵犯的灵敏度为82.9%，特异度为76.4%，ROC曲线下面积为0.787〔95%CI（0.697，0.877）〕，最佳诊断截点为0.03。根据CAR最佳诊断截点，将患者分为CAR<0.03组（A组，n=145）和CAR≥0.03组（B组，n=201）。采用1∶1最近邻居PSM法，共92对匹配成功，匹配后两组临床资料均衡。匹配后，B组患者微血管侵犯发生率〔43.5%（40/92）〕高于A组〔13.0%（12/92）〕（χ2=6.314，P=0.013）。采用3种Logistic回归分析结果显示，匹配前、后CAR均为单发小肝癌患者微血管侵犯的独立影响因素（P<0.05）。 结论 CAR作为新型系统性炎症指标，可用于预测单发小肝癌微血管侵犯，当CAR≥0.03时提示单发小肝癌微血管侵犯发生率较高。     

Systematic review of drug–drug interactions between rifamycins and anticoagulant and antiplatelet agents and considerations for management

Rifamycins (rifampin, rifabutin, and rifapentine) play an essential role in the treatment of mycobacterial and some nonmycobacterial infections. They also induce the activity of various drug transporting and metabolizing enzymes, which can impact the concentrations and efficacy of substrates. Many anticoagulant and antiplatelet (AC/AP) agents are substrates of these enzymes and have narrow therapeutic indices, leading to risks of thrombosis or bleeding when coadministered with rifamycins. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects on AC/AP pharmacokinetics, laboratory markers, and clinical safety and efficacy of combined use with rifamycins. A systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidance was performed. The PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were queried for English-language reports on combination use of rifamycins and AC/AP agents from database inception through August 2021. The 29 studies identified examined warfarin (n = 17), direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) (n = 8), and antiplatelet agents (n = 4) combined with rifampin (n = 28) or rifabutin (n = 1). Eleven studies were case reports or small case series; 14 reported on pharmacokinetic or laboratory markers in healthy volunteers. Rifampin-warfarin combinations led to reductions in warfarin area under the curve (AUC) of 15%–74%, with variability by warfarin isomer and study. Warfarin dose increases of up to 3–5 times prerifampin doses were required to maintain coagulation parameters in the therapeutic range. DOAC AUCs were decreased by 20%–67%, with variability by individual agent and with rifampin versus rifabutin. The active metabolite of clopidogrel increased substantially with rifampin coadministration, whereas prasugrel was largely unaffected and ticagrelor saw decreases. Our review suggests most combinations of AC/AP agents and rifampin are problematic. Further studies are required to determine whether rifabutin or rifapentine could be safe alternatives for coadministration with AC/AP drugs.     

The hidden aspect of carotid lesions in traffic accidents: A little-known phenomenon

Vascular injuries that occur during traffic accidents are a commonly neglected aspect that can add more detail to the framework of a case. In this study, we analysed a case series of 150 traffic accidents, 39 of which were marked by microscopically identifiable vascular lesions. The purpose was to identify the presence of carotid injuries in individuals who died due to traffic accidents and had nonpenetrating trauma of the neck. We focused on the discrepancies regarding the macroscopical aspect and the histology and demonstrated how histological analysis of the carotids in cases of trauma can reveal injuries that are attributable to the trauma itself. We conducted a histological analysis of the lesions to describe their distribution and type and investigate potential correlations. The study offers insight on how to examine road accidents that involve traumatic injury of the carotid arteries. Indeed the main task of the forensic pathologist in the case of death is to establish the existence of a causal relationship between the micro- or macroscopic alterations observed in the autopsy and the traumatic event that led to the death of the subject. Thus, further morphological elements were provided to the forensic practitioners that may reveal injuries attributable to the trauma itself and should be evaluated in cases of trauma in traffic accidents.